Tooth Decay: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Tooth decay, or cavities, is among the most common oral health problems in the world. They are particularly common in small children and older adults, but anyone who has teeth is susceptible to getting cavities or battling tooth decay.

Tooth decay is the destruction of the tooth structure. It can affect the enamel – the outer coating on the tooth, and dentin – the dense, bony tissue below the enamel.  Dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth, so if that area becomes affected, it is much harder to treat.

Although preventable, tooth decay happens because of plaque buildup.  Food that contain carbohydrates –  bread, cereal, milk, candy, soda, or fruits – leave residue in your mouth after eating. The bacteria in your mouth reacts with that residue and turns to acid. This acid, along with bacteria, food debris, and saliva, create plaque. The acids in plaque eat away at the tooth’s enamel, creating holes in the teeth called cavities.

Causes of Tooth Decay

There are many causes for tooth decay, but fortunately, many of them are preventable. Main causes of tooth decay are sticky, sugary foods and drinks. Sugar produces more acid, which leads to decay. Plaque combined, with sugar, weakens the enamel on your teeth, making them more likely to suffer from decay.There are other causes of tooth decay to be aware of:

  • Inadequate Brushing: Your teeth are susceptible to plaque for 20 minutes after eating. If you don’t brush soon enough after eating or drinking, there is a greater risk for early signs of decay. Also, not brushing with proper techniques or frequency allows for plaque build up.
  • Dry Mouth: Saliva helps wash away food debris and residue, which in turn, helps prevent plaque from forming. If you have very little saliva, plaque can build up more quickly.
  • Eating and Drinking: Unavoidable as it is, eating and drinking play a significant role in the formation of cavities. When you eat and drink, carbohydrates remain on your teeth until you brush.
  • Bacteria & Acid: The naturally occurring bacteria in the mouth combines with residual carbohydrates to create acid.
  • Eating Disorders: Eating disorders contribute to tooth decay when teeth are exposed to acid from the stomach. Bulimia increases the risk to decay or a cavity due to frequent vomiting.
  • Medical Issues: Some medical treatments, such as chemotherapy or other cancer treatments that expose the body to radiation promote tooth decay by changing the genetic and hormonal makeup of saliva. This change increases bacterial growth.
  • Nighttime Infant Feedings: Formula, milk, juice, or other liquids containing sugar remain on baby’s and kid’s teeth for hours while they sleep. This “feeds” decay-causing bacteria. This is called “baby bottle tooth decay” and similar damage occurs when toddlers drink the same liquids out of sippy cups throughout the day.

Signs and Symptoms of Tooth Decay

Depending on the severity and location of the tooth decay, the symptoms and signs can vary. However, during the very early stages of cavity and tooth decay, there may not be symptoms at all. As the decay gets larger, some of symptoms and signs may be visible, such as:

  • Toothaches – sharp, spontaneous pain
  • Tooth sensitivity
  • Pain when eating something sweet, hot, or cold
  • Visible holes or pits in your teeth
  • Staining on the surface of your teeth
  • Pain when chewing or biting into food

Because it is not always apparent when there is a cavity forming, it’s important to have regular dentist checks and cleanings. If you experience pain, see a dentist as soon as possible.

Prevention Tips

Practicing good oral and dental hygiene can help prevent tooth decay and the formation of cavities. Always consult with your dentist, but some options are:

  • Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride-based toothpaste. It’s best to brush after each meal and before bedtime. Use floss or an interdental cleaner to get food residue out from between your teeth between meals.
  • Avoid snacking between meals. Snacking throughout the day puts your teeth under constant attack.  There is no break between meals for the saliva to wash away food debris and assist in cleaning your teeth.
  • Eat a nutritious and well-balanced diet and avoid foods that are heavy in carbohydrates. Foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables promote saliva production and unsweetened beverages help wash away food debris and residue.
  • Drink tap water because most public water supplies contain fluoride. If you only drink bottled water, you miss out on the benefits that fluoride has for preventing tooth decay.
  • Rinse at least once a day with mouthwash that contains fluoride. Mouthwashes also have antiseptics that kill plaque-causing bacteria.
  • Dental sealants – a protective, plastic coating that go on your molars – seals off grooves and cracks where food can get stuck. This prevents tooth enamel from plaque and acid.

Visiting your dentist is the best way to prevent tooth decay and cavities from forming in your mouth. Being aware of your diet, brushing more frequently, and knowing how cavities are formed are the best ways to actively prevent oral conditions. Call your dentist today to schedule an appointment.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

Pros and Cons of Dental Implants

Despite the advances in oral care and dental hygiene, aging is not the only reason for tooth loss.  In fact, 1 out of 4 adults lose all their permanent teeth by age 74. Tooth loss, dental decay, gum disease, accidents, and oral infections are all common dental problems that lead to getting a tooth removed. In the past, dentures and bridgework were the only options available. But in the past few years, dental implants have become more and more popular. 

When you are missing a tooth, it’s best to replace it right away. And replacing a tooth is more than a cosmetic preference. Once a tooth is extracted or lost, the surrounding bone structures begin to disintegrate. This affects the jaw, your facial structure, and potentially the joints in your mouth if too many teeth are missing.  A missing tooth can also affect the remaining teeth, causing them to shift and have issues with the bite, by affecting the alignment.

It is important to know your options for replacing missing teeth and what risks are involved with those options. Dental implants are safe and durable, yet with all surgeries, there are still risks involved.

Pros of Dental Implants

Because of the complex nature in which dental implants are placed, they are much sturdier and resilient than dentures or bridgework.

Bridgework relies on the integrity of the surrounding teeth for support, whereas implants are drilled directly into the bone.  Implants also prevent damage to other teeth. Unlike dentures, dental implants help avoid bone loss since the implants replace the tooth and the root.

A huge advantage of dental implants is their natural appearance. Again, because they replace the tooth and its root, the implant is placed against the gum, giving it a very natural appearance. Regardless of the cosmetic, superficial appearance, implants function like real teeth. There is no “clicking” like with dentures and limited difficulties like with dentures and bridgework. Dentures can cause chewing and speaking problems.

Caring for dental implants is no different than how you care for your natural teeth. There is no extra care like with dentures or bridgework. Implants are incredibly durable, which makes them stand up to natural wear and tear like your normal teeth.

The success rate in those who have gotten dental implants is 98%.

Cons of Dental Implants

Like with any surgery, there are risks involved. Although the implant is secured to the bone, there is a risk for infection in your gums. Bacteria can get into the implant site and cause peri-implantitis, an infection that can lead to bone loss.

There is the risk of sinus complications if the implants extend into the sinus cavity. This could cause a higher likelihood of frequent sinus infections or sinusitis. Nerve damage is another risk of dental implants. The main nerve located in the jaw that supplies sensation to the bottom row of teeth can become damaged by the implant drills or a local anesthetic injection.

The process of getting dental implants is a very long process that takes many months to complete. The anchor is first secured to the jawbone. Before a new tooth can be installed, the bone has to fuse to the implant.  It takes approximately 6 months for the bone to properly heal. Then a reconstructive dentist attaches the new tooth, essentially screwing it onto the implant. Depending on the severity of your tooth loss, whether the original tooth extraction resulted in bone damage, and how quickly your body heals, this process can take upwards of one year.

Dental implants can lead to additional dental work, because the implant process is so complex. If the jawbone is weak and unable to support the titanium implant, your dentist will need to perform a bone graft. A bone graft takes a special piece of material and replaces the damaged or weakened bone with this new material. There is a higher risk that your body may reject the graft, because it is a foreign object. However, if successfully done, your jaw will be strong enough to support the implant.

Lastly, and something to consider when weighing your tooth replacement options, is that insurance does not always cover dental implants. If the tooth replacement is due to unhealthy oral health conditions, there is a greater chance that insurance will pay more towards the surgery, than if it is simply for cosmetic purposes. There will most likely be some out-of-pocket charges that insurance doesn’t cover, but be sure to speak with your dentist and oral surgeon about financing possibilities.

Weighing Your Options

Despite the risks involved, dental implants are a safe and reliable tooth replacement that can improve your quality of life. Dental implants improve chewing, speech, and appearance. They are considered a long-term replacement option because if they are well-maintained and taken care of, they will last a lifetime. Dentures and bridgework may need replacing every 7-10 years.

If you suffer from missing teeth or think that dental implants would be a good alternative to dentures or bridgework, talk to your doctor today.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

What to Expect After a Tooth Extraction

A tooth extraction is sometimes necessary as a part of staying healthy. Keep your mouth healthy by visiting a dentist regularly. This helps prevent serious infections or conditions that affect your whole mouth and body.

Reasons for Tooth Extraction

In adulthood, there are reasons that they may need to be extracted, although our teeth are meant to last a lifetime. Dentists and oral surgeons recommend tooth extraction for a number of reasons.

Some the most common reasons for tooth extraction are:

  1. Damaged Tooth – A common reason for tooth extractions that the tooth is badly damaged or has suffered an injury. Getting it extracted may be the best course of action. Dentists evaluate to determine if the tooth is unsalvageable or is easily repaired. Your dentist will want it pulled so it doesn’t cause harm to your oral health.
  2.  Crowded Mouth –  Another reason to get a tooth extracted is in preparation for orthodontia. The goal of orthodontia (braces) is to perfectly align your teeth.  Your teeth will not have room to align if your mouth is over-crowded.  Dentists also pull teeth if there is not enough room in your mouth for a tooth, even before it’s broken through the gum. This is common in children after their “adult teeth” have come in, or as they are coming in.
  3. Infection – Tooth decay, if not caught early enough, causes significant damage to the pulp inside the tooth. Bacteria enters the decayed tooth and through the pulp, reaches the blood stream, causing infections that spread to the rest of the body. In some cases, antibiotics can kill the infections. Your dentists will most likely recommend extraction as a precaution against further infections. If you have a weakened immune system due to chemotherapy or an autoimmune disease, there is a greater risk for infection if you have an oral conditions.
  4. Gum Disease –  Periodontal diseases, an infection the tissues and bones that surround teeth, can cause the gums to weaken around your teeth, making them loose. If gums decay because of an injection, it may be necessary to pull the affected teeth.

What to Expect During a Tooth Extraction

Dentists and oral surgeons perform tooth extractions. The severity of the affect tooth determines whether a dentist performs the surgery or if you are referred to an oral surgeon. There are two different types of tooth extractions: a simple extraction and a surgical extraction.

When the affected tooth is visible above your gum line and it can be easily removed with forceps, the procedure is called a simple extraction. If the tooth in question has yet to grow in and bone and gum tissue has to be removed in order to extract it, that’s called a surgical extraction. Surgical extractions require stitches and wound care for proper healing.

Your dentist will determine the type of extraction necessary by taking X-Rays of your mouth and examining the tooth and the structures around it. However, a simple extraction can turn into a surgical extraction if the tooth breaks during the procedure.

Before performing the surgery, your dentist will do a complete review of your medical history. This is to ensure your safety during the procedure. It will also determine the safest type of anesthetic for your procedure. In some cases, your dentist will perform local anesthetic to numb the area before pulling your tooth. Some types of extraction that are more complicated will use a strong general anesthetic. This helps prevent pain and makes your sleep throughout the process.

If a tooth is impacted, meaning they haven’t grown in completely, they will be surgically extracted. Your dentist will make tiny cuts in the gum tissue and bone surrounding your tooth and using forceps, gently the rock the tooth back and forth until it’s loosened from the bone and ligaments that keep it from moving.

Once the affected tooth is extracted, blood clots form in the empty tooth socket. A gauze pad is then pressed into the socket to help stop the bleeding. Oftentimes, the dentist will place a few dissolvable stitches at the extraction site to promote faster healing. If the blood clot breaks loose from the socket, it can be painful and cause dry socket.

Recovery Instructions After Tooth Extraction

It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions for care after having a tooth extracted. This is to help heal you wound quickly and to prevent any complications.

  • Leave the gauze pad on the extraction site for up to 4 hours after your surgery to allow a proper blood clot to form. If the gauze pad becomes soaked with blood, remove, and replace with a clean pad.
  • Avoid unnecessary eating or drinking for the first 2 hours after surgery. Do not drink from a straw for the first 24 hours.
  • Apply ice to help minimize swelling and to help reduce pain. Use ice compresses at 10 minute intervals.
  • Limit physical activity for 2 days after the procedure.
  • DO NOT smoke after your procedure. This increases post-operative pain and increases your risk for infection or complications.

Things to Look For After Tooth Extraction

It’s common to experience a minor fever and increase in pain in the hours following your procedure. Your dentist will likely prescribe some kind of pain medication to help alleviate your pain and make the recovery process more comfortable. Over-the-counter pain relievers like Tylenol or Motrin are good to help minimize the fever. Always check with your doctor before taking any medicine that hasn’t been prescribed to avoid unwanted side effects.

If there is bleeding at the extraction site for longer than 4 hours post-surgery, that is a cause for concern and you should contact your dentist. Signs of infections, redness, swelling, or discharge around the extraction site, are also considered means for contacting you doctor. Those are issues that need to be addressed by a medical professional to minimize your chances for infection.

Healing from a tooth extraction procedure takes approximately 1 to 2 weeks. Depending on the tooth that was pulled, your dentist will recommend replacing the tooth with bridgework, dentures, or even dental implants.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

Things to Know Before Getting Dental Implants

Getting dental implants is a popular alternative to dentures that don’t fit well or if your natural tooth roots do not allow for bridgework or other repair options.

Dental implants offer significant support for your teeth because during the process, the bone heals around the implant. However, this process can take many months for completion.

Why are Dental Implants Used?

Dental implants provide a great replacement for missing or damaged teeth over dentures or other alternatives. Dentures are not the best replacement for missing teeth because they can trap food which leads to quicker gum decay and oral infections. Dentures can be thicker than normal teeth and can affect the bite or can make it difficult to speak. In fact, dentures and bridgework have a 15-20% failure rate within 10 years. Dental implants only have a 2% failure rate over the same length of time.

The surgery is a procedure that replaces tooth roots with metal, screw-like posts. Artificial teeth that function like real ones replace chipped, damaged, or missing teeth. The type of dental implant surgery that is performed depends on the condition of your jawbone. Some surgery requires multiple procedures, including tooth removal and bone grafts.

Patients consider having dental implants for numerous reasons, a few being:

  • Having one or more missing teeth
  • Wanting to improve speech
  • Unwillingness or inability to wear dentures

Dental surgeons evaluate their patients to make sure they qualify for dental implants based on the condition of their mouth, gums, and bone structure.  Your dentist will advise against implants if you have poor oral hygiene or other dental health conditions that affect bone growth.

Dental implants are secured to your jawbone, where they serve as replacements to a tooth root. In order to qualify for dental implants, you need to have a full-grown jawbone and adequate bone structure so the implant has good bones to fuse to.  The titanium implants fuse to your jawbone. This ensures the implants won’t slip, make noise, or cause bone damage the way dentures or bridgework could. The materials used for implants cannot decay like your own teeth or in a way that bridgework can.

Risks of Dental Implants

Like any surgery, getting dental implants poses some health risks. Problems are rare, but if they do occur, they are typically minor and can be easily treated. Some risks include:

  • Infection at the implant site – Infections are uncommon, as the surgeons use antiseptics and sterile techniques, but it is possible. The most common cause of an infection is when a patient does not comply with the doctor’s post-surgery recommendations for cleaning. Infections may not show symptoms until a month or two after the implant surgery is performed. This could be because of an existing dental issue or preexisting condition.
  • Damage to surrounding structures like teeth or blood vessels. It’s important that the implant remains immovable within the first few weeks after your implant procedure. The bone will not regrow properly around the implant it suffers from micro-movement. This causes the implant to wiggle and become painful. If the bone does not regrow, the implant could result in ingrown soft tissue instead of strong bone regrowth.
  • Sinus problems. If implants in the upper jaw protrude into the sinus cavity, there is a higher likeliness of the patient having more frequent sinus infections or sinusitis. This is particularly likely when a patient does not have a sinus lift or bone graft during the dental implant process.
  • Nerve Damage – Damage to the Inferior Alveolar Nerve is one of the biggest risks associated with dental implant surgery. The Inferior alveolar nerve is located in the mandible (jaw) and it is these nerves that supply sensation to the bottom row of teeth. These nerves can be damaged during a local anesthetic injection or by implant drills and the implants themselves, if placed improperly. Immediate implantation following a tooth extraction can also be a cause of the nerve damage, which is why this process is so lengthy.

How to Prepare for Dental Implant Surgery

The process leading up to a dental implant procedure is quite long and involves a variety of specialists.  You will see a doctor who specializes in conditions of the mouth and jaw (oral and maxillofacial surgeon), a dentist who specializes in structure which support the teeth, like gum and bones (periodontist), and a dentist who designs and fits false teeth (prosthodontist). In some cases, you may be referred to an ear, nose, and throat doctor (ENT) for potential sinus complications.

The process includes more than one procedure, and the first step is to have a thorough evaluation.  This evaluation can be broken down into three main steps:

  1. A dental exam where your dentist will take X-Rays of your month and make molds of your teeth and jaw.
  2. An overview your medical history, including medical conditions you may have, what medications you take (both prescription and over-the-counter), and if you have any heart conditions that could be affected by the anesthetic.
  3. An individualized treatment plan is created specific for your situation, taking into account such things as how many teeth are being replaced, the structural integrity of your jawbone, and whether or not you are having a bone graft.

Oral surgeons help you prepare for your surgery and give you information regarding what you can and can’t drink/eat the day of your procedure, as well as anesthesia options.  Plan to have someone drive you to and from the surgery, regardless of your choice of anesthesia.

What to Expect After Your Procedure

Each step of dental implant surgery is performed as an outpatient procedure. Your mouth and gums need ample time to heal between procedures, hence the multiple steps in this process. Time is necessary for bones to regrow around the implant before a tooth replacement can be safely installed. The actual surgeries are not incredibly time consuming.

An example of the stages for dental implants is as follows:

  1. Removal of the damaged tooth
  2. Bone Grafting (when necessary) or jawbone preparations
  3. Placement of the dental implant
  4. Healing and bone growth around the implant
  5. Placement of the abutment
  6. Installation of the false tooth

The longest stage of this process is the healing process and ensuring the bone is properly healed. The bone heals around the implant so micro-movement does not occur and so the procedure is successful.

Your commitment to practicing oral hygiene is key to the success of your dental implants. Brushing and flossing regularly, and having routine cleanings and visits to your dentist will help keep your mouth in excellent health.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

Dealing with Tooth Pain at Home

Does your mouth ache? Do your teeth throb with pain? Toothaches occur when there is damage or irritation to the nerves inside a tooth. Once in a while, tooth pain is a result of trauma to the jaw or neck.

If you have tooth pain, make an appointment with your dentist right away. It’s important to understand the root cause of your tooth pain, since so many underlying health issues can begin in your mouth.

In the meantime, there are many remedies to alleviate some of the pain that you can easily do at home. These are only short-term pain relievers, not long term solutions to your dental problems.

At-Home Remedies for Tooth Pain

Salt Water Rinse

Rinsing with salt water is a common first-line of defense for battling tooth pain. Not only is salt water a natural disinfectant, but can help dislodge any residual food particles your mouth that may attribute to your pain. Also referred to as a brine wash, rinsing with salt water helps reduce gum inflammation that may be causing your pain.

To use a salt water rinse, mix 1/2 teaspoons of salt with a glass of warm water and stir to dissolve the salt. Treat the salt water mixture as mouthwash – rinse but do not swallow.

Cold Compress

Applying a cold compress may seem like the least appealing way to treat a sore mouth, especially if your teeth are sensitive to cold drinks. A cold compress helps reduce swelling in your mouth and will reduce pain. The cold temperature causes blood vessels to constrict, lessening the pain in or around your toothache.

Wrap an ice pack in a dish towel or go the old fashioned route and try a towel-wrapped bag of frozen peas or corn. Hold against your cheek where your tooth pain is strongest for no more than 20-minutes at a time. Repeat every hour as needed.

OTC Pain Relievers

Use an over-the-counter pain reliever like Tylenol or Advil to reduce your tooth pain. Not a long-term solution, but pain relievers can temporarily subdue your pain until you can see a dentist. Doctors recommend acetaminophen (Tylenol) for children.

Medicine like Aspirin is discouraged due to its blood thinning properties. Ask your doctor before taking any medicine to reduce the pain or swelling in your mouth.

Natural Tooth Pain Remedies

If you opt against OTC pain relievers, there are many natural ways to reduce tooth pain until your dentist appointment.

Garlic

Garlic is a well-known pain reliever, and has been for centuries. Natural chemicals in garlic act as a disinfectant against harmful bacteria that cause dental plaque. The same potent chemical-compound, allicin, that gives garlic its strong aroma is the same property that gives garlic its antibacterial abilities.

Crush a garlic clove into a paste and apply to your affected tooth. You can also slowly chew a clove of garlic on the side of your mouth where your tooth is aching.  Just like the garlic paste, the oils containing allicin will enter your bloodstream through your gums, reducing pain.

Cloves & Clove Oil

Clove is a common element in Chinese and Indian pain relievers, and has been for hundreds of years. Clove contains eugenol, a naturally occurring antiseptic. The oil is used to effectively numb the affected area and acts as a natural anti-inflammatory remedy. This can be used as a natural alternative to benzocaine, the numbing ingredient in oral gels.

Place whole cloves (like the kind used in mulled ciders) in your mouth between your cheek and affected tooth. If you prefer to use essential oils, apply directly to the tooth causing you pain or soak a cotton ball in the oil and gently dab it on the tooth and gums.

*Do not use Clove oil for toothaches in children or if you are pregnant* 

Peppermint

Peppermint has similar effects to reducing tooth pain like cloves do. There is a numbing agent in peppermint.  To treat a toothache, use a peppermint tea bag or peppermint essential oil.

A peppermint tea bag can be used in two different ways. Apply a cool, wet tea bag to your affected tooth for several minutes until the pain lessens. You can also place a peppermint tea bag in the freezer for a few minutes and then applying to the painful tooth. The combination of cold and peppermint will be highly effective in temporarily reducing the pain.

Like the clove oil, you can soak a cotton ball in peppermint oil and gently apply to your toothache.

Acupressure 

Your body has pressure points that when utilized correctly, can help reduce pain and symptoms from a variety of ailments. Use acupressure points if the pain heightens at night to help get sleep or during the day when other methods of pain relief is not readily available. Tooth pain can be relieved within ten minutes if you use acupressure points, which can be found here.

Some common acupressure points are on your cheek bones, your middle toe, and the inside of your ankle.  It is important to consult a doctor or acupressure expert before using any of these pressure points effectively.

Activated Charcoal

Activated charcoal is derived from carbon and can be used to treat tooth pain. It is used in hospitals to draw out toxins and absorb foreign chemicals. Recently the carbon properties have been found to help with a variety of dental infections and to alleviate tooth pain. It can be found in most grocery stores or health stores.

Mix a teaspoon of activated charcoal powder with just enough water to make a paste. Put the paste on a cotton ball and apply to the affected area. You’ll want to use enough paste so it surrounds the tooth. Bite down and leave on the tooth for about 5 minutes, then rinse with water. You can do this up to 5 times a day.

These pain-relieving solutions are not meant to sure any tooth pain, but to help alleviate the pain and make you more comfortable before you can be seen by a dentist. Consult your dentist before using any medications to treat your dental conditions.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

5 Common Types of Dental Surgery

Many times, when a dentist mentions dental surgery it is met with widespread panic and fear from their patients.  The idea is that dental surgery is a painful and expensive procedure.

However, what many patients don’t realize is that dental surgery is very common and includes procedures that address conditions that many people have and suffer from. Each patient is different and every case is treated accordingly. For the most part, dental surgery is considered an outpatient procedure and patients can generally resume normal activity within a few days.

Before deciding whether or not you are a candidate for dental surgery, dentists refer their patients to an oral surgeon. This is who will assess the situation and your oral health to determine the best course of action. In some cases, and depending on the severity of your condition, oral surgeons are able to recommend nonsurgical treatments. Adults and children are both at risk for oral health issues, although not all surgeries result from oral health conditions.

The most common types of dental surgery are procedures that many people may not consider dental surgery, because they are so routine – such as orthodonture work or teeth whitening.

Common Types of Dental Surgery

1. Root Canal- 

Root Canals are widely regarded as the most common type of dental surgery. Millions of teeth are treated each year, saving many teeth from extractions and relieved from pain and sensitivity. Root canals are typically pain-free and incredibly effective in treating pain.

Underneath a tooth’s enamel is a soft core called dental pulp, which contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and tissue. When a tooth is decayed, bacteria enters the tooth and damages the pulp. The infected pulp causes  dental pain, occasional swelling, and causes potential pain in your neck or jaw. A surgeon can treat this by removing the decayed portion of the tooth and extracting the infected pulp.

2. Dental Implants – 

Dental implants have changed the way dentistry has evolved over the last 25 years. An implants is a replacement for the root or roots of a tooth. They are used to secure crowns to the jawbone using titanium and titanium alloy. These metals are used because they are lightweight and biocompatible – which means they aren’t rejected by the body. Dental implants are used to replace teeth due to decay, disease, oral cancer, or a number of causes like smoking or alcoholism.

Dental implants are a longer process type of dental surgery to ensure the bone is properly fused before the tooth can be attached.  Implants require a procedure to create channels in the jawbone so the implants can be fitted with intimate contact with the bone. They generally require two to six months for the bone to fuse before they can have tooth restorations (a crown or bridge) attached in order to complete the process.

3. Wisdom Tooth Extraction – 

Wisdom tooth extraction is the removal of four adult teeth located in the back bottom and top corners of your mouth. These are the last (third) molars to come in, usually between the ages of 17 and 25.  When wisdom teeth don’t have room to grow, they can become impacted and cause pain, oral infections, or other dental problems. Oftentimes, dentists will suggest wisdom tooth removal even if impacted teeth are not an issue, as a preventative measure.

Wisdom tooth extraction is an outpatient procedure that takes a few days to fully recover. The procedure is done by removing the wisdom teeth through surgical incisions and stitching the extraction site closed to aid in the healing. It is important to follow your doctor’s orders regarding the healing process to avoid excessive bleeding or blood clots.

4. Reconstructive – 

Accidents happen, and when there is damage to the face due to sports injuries, falls, work-related incidents, or any kind of facial trauma, it can be scary and stressful. That’s why seeing an oral surgeon is the best course of action – they can offer solutions that will have you looking your best in no time! Dental surgery for facial reconstruction breaks down into two categories – soft tissue injuries and fractures.

Soft tissue injuries include trauma to the skin or gums, such as cuts on the inside of the cheek, lips, or tongue. Soft tissue injuries also include lacerations on the soft or hard palate.

Fractures relate to the the tiny bone tissue in your mouth, and includes reconstruction to the jawbone and teeth. Larger reconstructive surgeries go into the nasal cavities and the forehead, if the facial injuries are severe enough. In some cases, reconstructive surgery utilized dental implants along with other methods of treatment and mechanics to repair jaw alignments and bone structure.

5. Cosmetic – 

Cosmetic dental surgery comes in many different forms. Many times, cosmetic surgery is not a medically necessary procedure, but is used to improve the patient’s face or smile.  Cosmetic procedures covers minor treatments like teeth whitening and investments like orthodonture.

Smile makeovers combine two or more procedures such as teeth whitening, dental veneers, bonding, or composite restoration. Treatments to make teeth brighter isn’t just teeth bleaching. Methods like bonding and veneers are also used to fix discoloration or stained teeth. Some patients even like having tooth shaping to fix the physical shape of their teeth. This is done by removing tooth enamel or filing the teeth.

Cosmetic procedures are generally pain-free and can be completed in your dentist’s office, eliminating the need for an oral surgeon. Of course, every treatment is individualized for the patient.

Regardless of whether you are looking for minor cosmetic dental surgery or a major dental procedure, your dentist should be at the forefront of your medical journey.  Many other health issues can be diagnosed and solved by keeping your oral health a top priority.  If you experience any oral pain, tooth sensitivity, pain in the neck or jaw, or notice any discoloration or bleeding while brushing your teeth, contact your dentist today.  A proactive approach to your oral health may prevent you from having any tooth loss or serious dental surgery.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

Mouth Infection Types and Symptoms

Properly caring your teeth and gums is important for your oral health and can help lower the risk of getting a mouth infection. Bacteria and viruses can cause infections in your mouth and while they can be common, it’s important to know the symptoms of a mouth infection to avoid any serious health conditions. Fortunately, most oral infections are not contagious since bacteria is natural in everyone’s mouth.

In fact, 9 out of 10 diseases can cause symptoms to appear in your mouth, so it’s good to know what to look for.  Your dentist plays a crucial part in maintaining your overall health, so if you experience any of these symptoms, it’s best to make an appointment right away.

Before we get into what the symptoms of a mouth infection are, it’s beneficial to know some different types of mouth infections. The symptoms can vary, depending on the severity of the infection.

6 Types of Mouth Infections

Mouth infections come in a wide variety and range from minor to potentially life threatening. Some mouth infections are avoidable by practicing good oral hygiene and last only a few days. Other infections are more severe and can last much longer, requiring medicine or surgery. There are many different types of mouth infections, but these are some of the most common that are seen in both adults and children:

1. Dental Caries is the medical term for cavities, or tooth decay. This happens when bacteria from residual sugars and carbohydrates in the mouth produce acid that eats away at a tooth’s enamel and it’s underlying layer, called dentin. Caries caught in the early stages can be reversed, although if not treated quickly, the decay can eat away at the tooth down to the root.

2. Gingivitis is a gum disease that occurs when plaque builds up on the teeth and causes inflammation of the surrounding gum tissue. Plaque is a naturally occurring bacteria-filled film that sticks to the teeth and produces toxins that irritates the gums. Your gums can become red, puffy, and bleed and if not treated, can become periodontitis.

3. Periodontitis is a serious gum disease that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports your teeth. Plaque buildup causes slow deterioration and can cause loss of teeth if not treated. There are three main types of periodontitis – chronic, aggressive, and necrotizing. When left untreated, periodontitis can enter your bloodstream and affect other parts of your body.

4. Thrush is a condition that occurs when yeast-shaped fungus overgrows on the tongue and in the mouth. While anyone can get thrush, it’s most common in infants and older adults – people with generally weakened immune systems. This fungus is usually kept under control by the bacteria in your mouth, but certain illnesses and medications can disrupt the balance in your body.

5. Canker Sores are small, shallow lesions that develop on your gums or on the soft tissue in your mouth. Unlike cold sores, canker sores are not contagious and do not appear on the surface of your lips. Caused by acidic or spicy foods, most canker sores go away on their own in a week or two. However, if they worsen, they can leave scarring.

6. An Abscessed Tooth is a pocket of pus that can form in different parts of the tooth due to a bacterial infection. This is caused by bacteria entering the teeth and gums through a cavity or existing gum disease. It can also be caused by a foreign object, such as as popcorn kernel, getting embedded into your gums. If left untreated, the infection can cause the pain to radiate to your jaw bone, neck, or ear. It the rarest of cases, it has been known to cause sepsis.

Symptoms of a Mouth Infection

Although the treatment and types of infections are all very different, they are known to cause the same symptoms. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to talk to your dentist right away to avoid complications or an increased risk of serious health conditions.

Symptoms may include, but are not limited to:

  • Severe, throbbing toothache
  • Pain in your neck, jaw bone, or inner ear
  • Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures
  • Fever
  • Foul-smelling breath
  • Bitter taste in your mouth
  • Swelling in the face and/or cheek
  • Sensitivity when chewing or biting
  • Gums that are red or puffy
  • Bleeding gums while brushing or flossing

This is not a comprehensive list of all symptoms related to mouth infections, but these are the most common.  When brushing and flossing, be aware of any discoloration or changes in your mouth that could be a sign of a possible infection.

Ways to Prevent a Mouth Infection

Many of these mouth infections are very common.  In fact,  1 out of 3 Canadians have a need for dental work due to mouth infections, despite having a significant decrease in dental decay over the last 40 years.

There are easy ways to prevent mouth infections and to keep your mouth healthy. By washing your hands frequently, you reduce the risk of getting foreign bacteria in your mouth that can cause infections, or worsen existing conditions.  The importance of brushing and flossing twice a day cannot go unmentioned. Cleaning your teeth using proper brushing techniques is crucial to removing the plaque off your teeth and having a health mouth.

Other ways to prevent mouth infections include not using tobacco products, eating health snacks and having a nutritious diet, and of course visiting your dentist for regular bi-annual cleanings and checkups.

Your dentist will be able to check your mouth using scanners and x-rays to determine any dental issues you may be experiencing, as well as identify any issues you have with your gums or teeth. 48% of Canadians who have not seen a dentist in the last year suffer from gum disease. Seeing a dentist can help existing mouth infections from worsening and prevent infections from happening.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

The Importance of Toothpaste

As little as we think about it, toothpaste is a big part of our oral hygiene routine. And while everyone knows the importance of brushing twice a day, the importance of toothpaste is a little more unclear. Some people use a lot, some people just use water, and some people make their own teeth-cleaning solutions. The important thing is to clean your teeth properly and know how toothpaste can help your overall oral hygiene.

Toothpaste Use in Adults and Children

In a 1940s toothpaste advertisement, toothpaste was shown covering all the bristles on the toothbrush. This guided many adults as to how much toothpaste they should be using. However, such liberal use of toothpaste is simply too much.

The CDA supports use of toothpaste with fluoride to help prevent cavities and dental problems, and should be used twice daily. Adults should only be using a pea-sized amount of toothpaste during each brushing.  Only a dab is enough to properly clean teeth. Adults tend to overuse toothpaste.  When used properly, a tube of toothpaste can last much longer.

For children, there are stricter “rules” for toothpaste use. Parents should always consult their children’s dental professional to determine toothpaste use in children, depending on their risk of developing tooth decay.  If at risk, children age 3 and under should have their teeth brushed by an adult to limit the risk of swallowing too much fluoridated toothpaste. Although, if a child is not at risk for tooth decay, the CDA recommends that the child’s teeth be brushed using only a soft toothbrush, dampened only by water.

Children ages 3-6 should be supervised while brushing when using toothpaste, and should remain supervised until maximum dexterity has been reached. For this age group, only a fraction of a pea-sized amount of toothpaste is recommended.

For both children and adults, fluoridated toothpaste should be used in moderation to reduce the risk of developing dental fluorosis while maximizing the benefits of fluoride. Dental fluorosis is not a disease, nor does it affect the structural integrity of your teeth, but it can appear as white streaks on your teeth or slight discolouration.  In most cases, the effects of dental fluorosis are subtle and typically only a dental professional would be able to see the effects it has on your teeth.

Benefits of Toothpaste

Plaque is the primary cause of gum disease and cavities. If it is not consistently removed, it can harden onto your teeth and form tartar. Tartar creates an ideal environment for bacteria to grow.  The best way to control plaque is by brushing your teeth.  But how crucial is toothpaste to your oral hygiene routine?

From a truly practical standpoint, toothpaste is not necessary to effectively clean teeth.  Using a soft-bristled brush and practicing proper brushing techniques is enough to remove the plaque from your teeth. Combined with regular flossing, limiting sugary food and drinks, and having routine dentist appointments, your teeth will stay clean and healthy.

So why do we use toothpaste? Because there are many benefits to using toothpaste, other than simply cleaning your teeth. Toothpaste aids in prevention against gingivitis and tooth decay, which leads to more severe dental issues.

  • Toothpaste comes in many flavors and helps to leave your mouth and breath feeling fresh after brushing. It can also masks any scents from strong-flavored foods like garlic or onions.
  • Most toothpastes contain fluoride, which many dental professionals agree that using fluoride can help prevent against cavities and keep tooth enamel strong by resisting early signs of tooth decay.
  • Toothpaste has properties that help other dental problems like tooth sensitivity, teeth whitening, tooth decay, and gum disease.

How Does Toothpaste Work?

Toothpaste has come a long way from its Egyptian origins of rocks and vinegar. Modern toothpastes contain ingredients that help strengthen your tooth enamel and protect against dental problems. Regardless of what brand of toothpaste you buy, there are some ingredients that are standard in all non-organic brands that are responsible for keeping your smile looking bright and clean:

  • Abrasives, like calcium carbonite, gently polish your teeth and clean bacterial film from your teeth and gums. They’re also responsible for dissolving stains from your teeth.
  • Flavoring in toothpaste them taste and smell appealing. Flavors like mint and cinnamon are common, but some other flavors you can find are lemon and bubblegum.
  • Thickening agents such as cellulose gum stabilize the toothpaste formula and and retain moisture so it stays on your toothbrush.
  • Detergents are responsible for creating the foamy texture we associate with toothpaste. This foam helps dislodge food remains and plaque.
  • Treatment Additives may be added to help prevent specific dental issues like cavity protection, tartar control, teeth whitening, and sensitive teeth.

Fluoride

The most important ingredient that toothpaste can contain is fluoride. Using a fluoridated toothpaste is one of the most significant things you can do for keeping your teeth and mouth healthy. A topical fluoride helps hardens your teeth and promotes an overall healthy mouth.

Organic toothpastes do not contain any sulfates or parabens, and do not have artificial flavoring or colors. For people who have mouth sores or rashes in or around the mouth, you may want to try an organic toothpaste that is void of any synthetic additives or ingredients. People who are active, eat healthy, and avoid foods that are high in sugar may see benefits from using natural toothpastes that are void of fluoride. Healthy diets help your body gain nutrients that help prevent tooth decay – the main reason fluoridated toothpastes are so important. If you are at higher risk of tooth decay or other serious dental problems, your dentist may recommend using toothpaste with fluoride.

No matter what type of toothpaste you prefer, getting regular dental cleanings is important to your overall oral health. If you have any questions about what toothpaste you should be using, contact your dentist today.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

Can Diet Affect Your Oral Health?

Your mouth is a complex organism. Everything that comes in contact with your teeth and gums can affect your oral health.  Your food and beverage choices, and the frequency at which you eat them, are important to preserving your overall health.

A diet high in processed foods will have a negative affect on your oral health due to the high sugar content. These sugary, sticky, and acidic foods should be avoided to help prevent cavities which lead to more severe dental issues like tooth decay. If you do indulge in sticky or sweet treats, avoid keeping them in your mouth too long, as this will increase the sugar build-up on your teeth and lead to quicker bacteria and plaque production.

How Does Your Diet Affect Your Oral Health?

The average Canadian eats 40kg of sugar each year. It’s no wonder that sugar is one of the leading causes of dental problems. In fact, the most common chronic childhood disease is tooth decay. This is often a result of too much sugar in the diet. Tooth decay occurs when bacteria and plaque are formed from residual sugar in the mouth. This produces acid that attacks your teeth. The acidity eats away at your tooth’s enamel, causing it to rot away. Foods like candy, cookies, pastries, and soda are the top offenders. Limiting a child’s sugar intake and remembering to brush after each sweet treat will help prevent cavities from forming.

In adults, gum disease is a more common dental problem. If not properly treated, it can lead to tooth loss. The leading cause of gum disease comes from a lack of proper nutrition. If your diet lacks certain nutrients, it may be more difficult for the tissue in your mouth to resist infection. That’s why eating a balanced diet is crucial to your overall oral health.

A diet that contains calcium-rich foods is beneficial to your oral health.  Calcium helps make your teeth stronger. Snacks like cheese, nuts, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods help your body gain the nutrients necessary to keep you healthy. Raw vegetables and fruits that have naturally occurring sugars are a great snack. Sugars that are naturally found in fruits and veggies are healthy. Your body needs a certain amount of sugar to keep your body’s pH levels regulated.

How to Promote Good Oral Health

Keeping your mouth healthy is not difficult. It can easily be incorporated into your daily life by making smart choices, beginning with what comes in contact with your teeth and gums. Here are a few guidelines that promote strong teeth and will keep your smile looking healthy:

  • Limit Between-Meal Snacks – If you feel the urge to snack between mealtime, choose something healthy like vegetables or cheese. Food that is eaten outside a meal can cause harm to your mouth because there is less saliva to help wash away the food from your teeth. Saliva is more plentiful during mealtime.
  • Stay Away From Sticky Foods – Sticky foods like honey, raisins, and starchy foods like potato chips or bread are more likely to cause cavities than non-sticky foods. These foods stick to your teeth, leaving behind a residue that is difficult to brush off.
  • Drink Plenty of Water – It’s tempting to reach for a caffeinated, sugary drink for an afternoon pick-me-up, but drinks like sodas and even energy and sports drinks have high sugar content. Plain water is the healthiest option for your teeth and your overall health.
  • Watch Out for Teeth-Staining Drinks – Dark-coloured drinks like coffee, tea, and red wine, have tendencies to stain your teeth when not consumed in moderation. The colour pigments in these beverages called chromogens attach to your tooth’s enamel, causing it to stain. The best way to prevent these stains is to drink plenty of water to wash away the tooth-staining properties.
  • Give Your Mouth a Break – Taking breaks between snacks and meals gives your mouth time to naturally wash away any food residue.  Having a two-hour break between when you eat reduces your risk of tooth decay.
  • Regular Brushing and Flossing – Keeping your teeth clean is the most important part of having healthy teeth. Removing food residue, acid and sugar particles, and color pigments that can damage and stain your teeth will keep your smile looking healthy and your teeth clean. Brushing and flossing twice a day is recommended as well as regular dentist visits for a deep clean.
  • Reduce Processed Sugar –  Be mindful when you are grocery shopping by reading ingredient labels on packaged food items.  Try to avoid foods that have high fructose corn syrup, molasses, glucose, honey, or any type of sugar.  It can be time-consuming at first, but once you learn how to make healthier food choices, eating with your oral health in mind is a breeze.
  • Brush On-The-Go – It may not be possible to make healthy choices if you travel often. But keeping a travel-sized tooth brush and toothpaste in your car or your travel bag can make it easier to clean your teeth after a morning coffee or sugary sweet snack.
  • Chew Sugar-Free Gum – If you have a hard time not snacking between meals, then chew sugar-free gum after each snack. Chewing gum helps prevent cavities because it promotes saliva production. Saliva washes away food and sugar residue from the teeth. Increased saliva production increases calcium to your mouth which makes your tooth enamel stronger; not to mention, you’ll have fresh breath!
  • Limit Citrus Intake – Citrus fruits are delicious alternatives to sugary snacks, but be careful of the acid levels in these fruits. Overexposure to these acids can cause tooth erosion because the citrus eats away at your tooth’s enamel, making them more susceptible to damage.  Citrus also irritates mouth sores, which can be painful and cause discomfort.

Moving away from processed sugars and understanding how the foods and beverages we consume affect our health will help promote good oral health, keep our teeth healthy, and help us avoid serious dental issues.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.

Seven Warning Signs that you’re Getting a Tooth Infection

Tooth pain is never good a thing, but it may be more serious than you think. Tooth infections arise when the nerves within your tooth die due to progressing decay or injury. Without treatment, bacteria can infect the dead tooth and cause dental abscesses. This can lead to swelling and infections, which can occasionally be life threatening. However, the sooner you can treat your root canal infection, the sooner you can return to full oral and physical health.

Unchecked, hidden dangers put your oral health at risk. Threats such as tooth infections can lead to severe pain, loss of teeth, and serious health implications.

What causes a tooth infection?

The Canadian Dental Association says that most tooth infections are a result of untreated decay or cracked teeth. In either circumstance, when bacteria penetrates through your tooth’s enamel, it can cause an abscess. Tooth infections can also be a result of gum infection, as seen in some cases where gum diseases are present. If you experience bleeding when flossing or brushing your teeth, it may be a sign that there is an underlying dental problem.

You may be at higher risk for tooth infections if you consume a high-sugar diet. Sugary foods create a plaque buildup that produces an acidity that will eventually eat away at the enamel on your teeth, making them more susceptible to cavities or abscesses.

Tip: If you’re suffering from pain or have an infection, see your dentist sooner rather than later. The longer you wait, the more complicated the infection will get. 

Seven signs of a tooth infection:

1. Persistent and recurring toothaches

If you are feeling severe pain in your teeth, it’s a good idea to go to the dentist to get an x-ray. Your pain may be resulting from a sinus infection or a tooth injury, however if the pain continues for more than a week, it may be a cavity. The toothache can worsen and spread to your jawline if not caught in enough time.

2. Pain or sensitivity to any food or drink that’s hot or cold

According to the Ontario Dental Association, when a cavity penetrates its way down to the dentin of your teeth, this creates a breeding ground for infection to form from acidic, cold, hot, sticky, or sweet foods.

3. General sensitivity/jolts of pain

There are two reasons you’ll feel sensitivity:

  1. The pulp within your tooth is inflamed
  2. You may have a cracked tooth

Whether the pain is coming from a cracked tooth or infected tooth pulp, it’s best to see a dentist right away for a diagnosis or x-rays. If left untreated, it may lead to tooth extractions or root canals.

4. Fever

If you’re not having cold or flu like symptoms, but are encountering fever-like symptoms, book an appointment with your dentist to learn if the fever is indeed a result of a tooth infection. A fever is the result of your body trying to fight off the infection, and can usually be treated with an antibiotic.

5. Swelling and tender lymph nodes

Swollen lymph nodes are caused when your teeth are exposed to too much bacteria. If you’re noticing swelling in your neck and/or jaw line it’s best to consult with your doctor or dentist for the appropriate plan of action.

6. Seeing holes or deep pits within the teeth

When a cavity or infection starts to form, it starts off as a small white spot on the surface of your tooth. When the infection gets worse, you’ll begin to see holes or deep pits (which normally aren’t visible to the naked eye). If you can see these holes/pits, the infection is more far-gone than you may have realized. It’s recommended to see a dental professional immediately.

7. Deeply stained teeth

Yes… red wine, coffee, and dark, sugary drinks can all stain your teeth. However, if you notice a discoloured spot (normally a different colour from your other teeth), it can be a sign of an infection. The discolouration may be because the enamel or dentin are being affected by the infection.

Tooth Infection Prevention

Tooth infections are often caused by a smaller dental problem that escalates into an infection. By maintaining good oral hygiene and dental habits, you can help prevent infections.

  • Brush and floss at least twice a day to remove plaque and bacteria build up.
  • Regular visits to the dentist where they’ll use x-rays to locate potential cavities, spots, and issues before they become infections.
  • Use an antimicrobial mouth rinse (in combination with regular brushing and flossing) to help reduce the bacteria and plaque build-up  in your mouth.
  • Eat healthy foods that are high in protein and calcium that promote healthy teeth. Limit sugary foods and in-between meal snacks.
  • Replace your toothbrush every 3-4 months, or when the bristles begin to look frayed.

By practicing good oral hygiene habits, you can help protect your smile from the harmful decay and bacteria that are responsible for painful infections. If you’re encountering any of these signs, it’s best to seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent the risk of the pain and infection getting worse.

If you would like to learn more, please do not hesitate to give us a call or contact us to book an appointment.